Thursday, 29 August 2013

苏州耦园

耦园简介

苏州耦园开放时间:7:30-17:00
苏州耦园门票价格: 
15 元人民币/人(淡季,10月31日-次年4月15日)
20元人民币/人(旺季,4月16日-10月30日)
耦园最佳旅游季节: 全年皆宜  [苏州的景点大都在17:30以前就关门了,节假日也不例外。]


1.门 楼 Gatehouse 2.轿 厅 Litter house 3.载酒堂 Wine-visitor's Hall 4.群贤堂 Wise Men Hall 5.无俗韵轩 Rhythm Studio 6.山水间 Scenery House 7.魁星阁 Star Studio 8.听橹楼 Boat Hearing Building 9.吾爱 亭 Show-Love Pavilion 10.望月亭 Moon Pavilion 11.双照楼 Double-lighting Building 12.城曲草堂 Music Hall 13.藤花舫 Flower House 14.樨廊 Xilang 15.黄石假山 Yellow Stone rockery 16.楼大厅 Gate hall 17.鹤寿亭 Crane Longevity Pavilion 18.方亭 Square Pavilion 19.藏书楼 Book Studio 20.织帘老屋 Old House for Weaving 21.长方亭 Quadrate Pavilion.

Couples Garden Brief Introduction
   The couple's garden are located in the Xiao-xing-qiao Lane (little new bridge lane) in the eastern Suzhou, it was named She Yuan garden in early Qing Dynasty; until the period of Guang-xu in Qing Dynasty, it was built into the form now we see by the commanding officer of Anhui Provincial Government Shen Bing-cheng, and was named Ou Yuan garden as what we call today. "ou" means "a couple", quoted from a famous work written in, Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.): "To till together with my spouse", mani-festing the couple, husband and wife, were both to live in seclusion. Ou Yuan have three aspects of beauty, the first: Beauty of location. Because it lies in a comer of eastern Suzhou, it accord with the principle of the art to build a city garden with woods and hills in it: "when it is secluded, it gets the advantages therein", they are close to the city wall, with three sides facing the river to be imbued with the local charms of the water regions. The second: Beauty of sentiment. Everywhere of the free-handed arrange-ment (conceived with free imagination) in the gardens shows the congenial interests of the couple, man and wife, of their seclusion in this Peach Blosesom Land. The third: Beauty of rockeries. The eastern garden is the former place of She Yuan garden in early Qing Dynasty, the Huang-shi Rockery, heaped up with yellow rocks, is one of the representative work of the Jangnan gardens, while the western garden takes the old house as the main hall which provided the husband a place to study in and the place for wife to weave.In front of and at the rear of the house are rockeries and towering rocks to mean that they were living in a true secluded mountain, tilling and studying.

耦园位于苏州市内仓街小新巷,原 为清初陆锦涉园。清初,保宁知府陆锦致仕归里后于此始构涉园,一名小郁林。后一度由书法家郭凤梁赁居。继为崇明祝氏别墅。同治十三年左右,归按察使湖州沈 秉成,聘画家顾沄主持,重修扩建如今。因一宅而有两园,遂称耦园,并寓夫妇偕隐双栖之意。1941年为常州实业家刘国钧所得。

全园布局,颇为得法。黄石假山作为全园主题,堆叠自然,位置恰当,陡峭峻拔,气象雄浑,为苏州园林黄石假山中较为成功的一座。实为值得游赏流连的去处。此园因在住宅东西两侧各有一园,故名耦园。古时两人耕种为“耦”,“耦”、“偶”相通,寓有夫妇归田隐居之意。

东园面积约4亩,以山为主,以池为辅,重点突出,配搭得当。主体建筑坐北朝南,为一组重檐楼厅。这在苏州园林中较为少见。其东南角有小院三处,重楼复道, 总称“城曲草堂”。西园面积更小,以书斋及织老屋为中心,前有月台,宽敞明亮,后有小院,幽雅清秀,隔山石树木又建书楼一座;其南亦有一院,为不规则形 状,西南角设假山,设置花木,间置湖石,显得幽曲有趣。

全园主景黄石假山,筑于城曲草堂楼厅之前,石块大小相间,手法逼真自然。假山东半部较大,自厅前石径可通山上东侧的平台及西侧的石室;平台之东,山势增 高,转为绝壁,直削而下,临于水池,绝壁东南设磴道,依势下至池边,此处气势为全山最精彩处,假山西半部较小,自东而西逐级降低,坡度渐缓,止于小厅右 壁。东西两半部之间有谷道,两侧削壁如悬崖。而绝壁东临水池,假山体量与池面宽度配合适当,空间相称。山上不建亭阁,而于山顶山后铺土之处,散置十余种花 木,随风摇曳,平添了山林趣味。而池水随假山向南伸展,曲桥架于水上,池南端有阁跨水而筑,称“山水阁”,隔山与城曲草堂相对,形成以山为主体的优美景 区。

东园
东花园布局以山为主,以池为衬。主体建筑坐北朝南,为一组重檐楼厅。这在苏州园林中较为少见。其东南角有小院三处。东北角略为突出,内辟小院3处,重楼复道;西与住宅相连,总称城曲草堂;中间设大厅3间是旧日园主饮宴聚会的地方,这种结构,为苏州园林所仅见。
黄石假山
城曲草堂前的黄石假山,叠石气势雄伟,是全山最精美的部分。位于东园楼厅前,气势雄浑,假山东侧凿水池一泓,南北狭长。黄石假山作为全园主题,堆叠自然,位置恰当,陡峭峻拔,气象雄浑,为苏州园林黄石假山中较为成功的一座。实为值得游赏流连的去处。
山水间
位于东花园受月池南端,为一水阁,阁内有一镇园之宝大型杞梓木落地罩,此罩跨度4米,高3米,双面镂雕松、竹、梅“岁寒三友”图案,雕艺精湛,栩栩如生,建筑大师刘敦桢评价此罩为苏州各园之冠。
西园
面积小,以书斋及织老屋为中心,前有月台,宽敞明亮,后有小院,幽雅清秀,隔山石树木又建书楼一座;其南亦有一院,为不规则形状,西南角设假山,设置花木等。在建筑布局上书房和庭院结合紧密,这也是耦园的一个特色,是西园的看点。

耦园美食

西瓜鸡
    瓜色美观,有鸡的鲜味,有水果的芬芳味,有火腿的香味,又有丰富的营养成分,实为色香味俱佳的美食。
叫化鸡
    叫化鸡是江苏常熟名菜,又称黄泥煨鸡。相传明末清初时,常熟虞山麓有一叫化偶得一鸡,苦无炊具、调料,无奈,宰杀去脏后,带毛涂泥,放入柴火堆中煨烤,熟 后敲去泥壳,鸡毛随壳而脱,香气四溢。适逢隐居在虞山的大学士钱牧斋路过,试尝,觉其味独特,归家命其家人稍加调味如法炮制,更感鲜美。此后,遂成为名 菜,并一直流传至今。
樱桃肉
    樱桃肉始创于江苏,清乾隆年间传入宫中,特点色泽樱红,光亮悦目,酥烂肥美。其颜色红亮,形态圆小,皮软味甜咸,富油脂,是上佳的下酒菜和下饭菜。
带子盐水虾
    端午前后是虾的盛产期,尤其是雌青虾,俗称带子虾,个儿大,肉满脑红,虾子丰盈,正是食虾的最佳季节。此菜色泽红艳,脑满子实,肉嫩味鲜,本味突出,夏令佳品。
刺毛鳝筒
    刺毛鳝筒,是以黄鳝为料,造型奇特的一道名菜。一般需选用粗壮大鳝(250克左右)4条,活宰尽血,去内脏洗净,批去鳝脊骨,斩头去尾,然后在鳝肉上剞出 网眼状刀纹,深至及皮,撒上干淀粉,另将猪肉糜及绍酒等佐料涂抹鳝肉,然后将鳝肉段卷成筒形。待熟猪油锅烧至七成热时,放入鳝筒段,炸至刀纹呈清晰状,沥 油取出。在旺火锅中加入葱段,煸香,然后将鳝筒放入,加绍酒闷透,再加酱油、绵白糖、精盐、姜末,高汤浇沸,转文火烧10分钟,最后转旺火收稠,以湿淀粉 勾芡,淋上麻油出锅装盘。


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